Bill Gates  | |
Born | |
Residence | Medina, Washington, U.S. |
Nationality | American |
Occupation | Chairman of Microsoft Co-Chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation CEO of Cascade Investment Chairman of Corbis |
Years active | 1975–present |
Net worth | |
Board member of | |
Religion | |
Spouse | |
Children | 3 |
Parents | |
Signature |  |
Website | |
William Henry "Bill" Gates III (born October 28, 1955)[4] is an American business magnate, investor, philanthropist, and author. Gates is the
former CEO and current chairman of Microsoft, the software company he founded with Paul Allen. He is consistently ranked among the world's wealthiest people[5] and was the wealthiest overall from 1995 to
2009, excluding 2008, when he was ranked third.[6] During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the
positions of CEO and chief software architect, and remains the largest individual
shareholder, with 6.4 percent of the common stock.[7] He has also authored or co-authored several
books.
former CEO and current chairman of Microsoft, the software company he founded with Paul Allen. He is consistently ranked among the world's wealthiest people[5] and was the wealthiest overall from 1995 to
2009, excluding 2008, when he was ranked third.[6] During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the
positions of CEO and chief software architect, and remains the largest individual
shareholder, with 6.4 percent of the common stock.[7] He has also authored or co-authored several
books.
Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of
the personal computer revolution. Gates has been criticized for his business tactics, which have been considered anti-competitive,
an opinion which has in some cases been upheld by the courts.[8][9] In the later stages of his career, Gates has
pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors, donating large amounts of money to
various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, established in 2000.
the personal computer revolution. Gates has been criticized for his business tactics, which have been considered anti-competitive,
an opinion which has in some cases been upheld by the courts.[8][9] In the later stages of his career, Gates has
pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors, donating large amounts of money to
various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, established in 2000.
Gates stepped down as chief executive officer of
Microsoft in January 2000. He remained as chairman and created the position of
chief software architect. In June 2006, Gates announced that he would be
transitioning from full-time work at Microsoft to part-time work, and full-time
work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. He gradually transferred his
duties to Ray Ozzie, chief software architect, and Craig Mundie, chief research and strategy officer. Gates' last full-time day
at Microsoft was June 27, 2008. He remains at Microsoft as non-executive
chairman.
Microsoft in January 2000. He remained as chairman and created the position of
chief software architect. In June 2006, Gates announced that he would be
transitioning from full-time work at Microsoft to part-time work, and full-time
work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. He gradually transferred his
duties to Ray Ozzie, chief software architect, and Craig Mundie, chief research and strategy officer. Gates' last full-time day
at Microsoft was June 27, 2008. He remains at Microsoft as non-executive
chairman.
Early life
Bill Gates was photographed by the Albuquerque,
New Mexico police in 1977 after a traffic violation (details of which have been
lost over time).
New Mexico police in 1977 after a traffic violation (details of which have been
lost over time).
Gates was born in Seattle, Washington, to William H. Gates, Sr. and Mary Maxwell Gates. His parents are of English, German, and Scotch-Irish descent.[10][11] His father was a prominent lawyer, and his
mother served on the board of directors for First Interstate BancSystem and the United Way. Gates's maternal grandfather was J. W. Maxwell, a national bank president. Gates has one elder sister, Kristi
(Kristianne), and one younger sister, Libby. He was the fourth of his name in
his family, but was known as William Gates III or "Trey" because his father had the "II"
suffix.[12] Early on in his life, Gates' parents had a law
career in mind for him.[13] When Gates was young, his family regularly
attended a Congregational church.[14][15][16]
mother served on the board of directors for First Interstate BancSystem and the United Way. Gates's maternal grandfather was J. W. Maxwell, a national bank president. Gates has one elder sister, Kristi
(Kristianne), and one younger sister, Libby. He was the fourth of his name in
his family, but was known as William Gates III or "Trey" because his father had the "II"
suffix.[12] Early on in his life, Gates' parents had a law
career in mind for him.[13] When Gates was young, his family regularly
attended a Congregational church.[14][15][16]
At 13 he enrolled in the Lakeside School, an exclusive preparatory school.[17] When he was in the eighth grade, the Mothers
Club at the school used proceeds from Lakeside School's rummage sale to buy an Teletype Model 33 ASR terminal and a block of computer
time on a General Electric (GE) computer for the school's students.[18] Gates took an interest in programming the GE
system in BASIC, and was excused from math classes to pursue his interest. He
wrote his first computer program on this machine: an implementation of tic-tac-toe that allowed users to play games against the computer. Gates was
fascinated by the machine and how it would always execute software code
perfectly. When he reflected back on that moment, he said, "There was just
something neat about the machine."[19] After the Mothers Club donation was exhausted,
he and other students sought time on systems including DEC PDP minicomputers. One of these systems was a PDP-10 belonging to Computer Center Corporation (CCC),
which banned four Lakeside students—Gates, Paul Allen, Ric
Weiland, and Kent Evans—for the summer after it caught them
exploiting bugs in the operating system to obtain free computer time.[20]
Club at the school used proceeds from Lakeside School's rummage sale to buy an Teletype Model 33 ASR terminal and a block of computer
time on a General Electric (GE) computer for the school's students.[18] Gates took an interest in programming the GE
system in BASIC, and was excused from math classes to pursue his interest. He
wrote his first computer program on this machine: an implementation of tic-tac-toe that allowed users to play games against the computer. Gates was
fascinated by the machine and how it would always execute software code
perfectly. When he reflected back on that moment, he said, "There was just
something neat about the machine."[19] After the Mothers Club donation was exhausted,
he and other students sought time on systems including DEC PDP minicomputers. One of these systems was a PDP-10 belonging to Computer Center Corporation (CCC),
which banned four Lakeside students—Gates, Paul Allen, Ric
Weiland, and Kent Evans—for the summer after it caught them
exploiting bugs in the operating system to obtain free computer time.[20]
At the end of the ban, the four students offered
to find bugs in CCC's software in exchange for computer time. Rather than use
the system via Teletype, Gates went to CCC's offices and studied source code for various programs that ran on the system, including programs in FORTRAN, LISP, and machine language. The arrangement with CCC continued until 1970,
when the company went out of business. The following year, Information
Sciences, Inc. hired the four Lakeside students to write a payroll program in COBOL, providing them computer time and royalties.
After his administrators became aware of his programming abilities, Gates wrote
the school's computer program to schedule students in classes. He modified the
code so that he was placed in classes with mostly female students. He later
stated that "it was hard to tear myself away from a machine at which I
could so unambiguously demonstrate success."[19] At age 17, Gates formed a venture with Allen,
called Traf-O-Data, to make traffic counters based on the Intel 8008processor.[21] In early 1973, Bill Gates served as a
congressional page in the U.S. House of Representatives.[22]
to find bugs in CCC's software in exchange for computer time. Rather than use
the system via Teletype, Gates went to CCC's offices and studied source code for various programs that ran on the system, including programs in FORTRAN, LISP, and machine language. The arrangement with CCC continued until 1970,
when the company went out of business. The following year, Information
Sciences, Inc. hired the four Lakeside students to write a payroll program in COBOL, providing them computer time and royalties.
After his administrators became aware of his programming abilities, Gates wrote
the school's computer program to schedule students in classes. He modified the
code so that he was placed in classes with mostly female students. He later
stated that "it was hard to tear myself away from a machine at which I
could so unambiguously demonstrate success."[19] At age 17, Gates formed a venture with Allen,
called Traf-O-Data, to make traffic counters based on the Intel 8008processor.[21] In early 1973, Bill Gates served as a
congressional page in the U.S. House of Representatives.[22]
Gates graduated from Lakeside School in 1973. He
scored 1590 out of 1600 on the SAT[23] and enrolled at Harvard College in the autumn of 1973.[24]While at Harvard, he met Steve Ballmer, who later succeeded Gates as CEO of Microsoft.
scored 1590 out of 1600 on the SAT[23] and enrolled at Harvard College in the autumn of 1973.[24]While at Harvard, he met Steve Ballmer, who later succeeded Gates as CEO of Microsoft.
In his sophomore year, Gates devised an
algorithm for pancake sorting as a solution to one of a series of unsolved
problems[25] presented in a combinatorics class by Harry Lewis, one of his professors. Gates' solution held the record as the
fastest version for over thirty years;[25][26] its successor is faster by only one percent.[25] His solution was later formalized in a published
paper in collaboration with Harvard computer scientist Christos Papadimitriou.[27]
algorithm for pancake sorting as a solution to one of a series of unsolved
problems[25] presented in a combinatorics class by Harry Lewis, one of his professors. Gates' solution held the record as the
fastest version for over thirty years;[25][26] its successor is faster by only one percent.[25] His solution was later formalized in a published
paper in collaboration with Harvard computer scientist Christos Papadimitriou.[27]
Gates did not have a definite study plan while a
student at Harvard[28] and spent a lot of time using the school's
computers. Gates remained in contact with Paul Allen, and he joined him at
Honeywell during the summer of 1974.[29] The following year saw the release of the MITS Altair 8800 based on the Intel 8080 CPU, and Gates and Allen saw this as the
opportunity to start their own computer software company.[30] He had talked this decision over with his
parents, who were supportive of him after seeing how much Gates wanted to start
a company.[28]
student at Harvard[28] and spent a lot of time using the school's
computers. Gates remained in contact with Paul Allen, and he joined him at
Honeywell during the summer of 1974.[29] The following year saw the release of the MITS Altair 8800 based on the Intel 8080 CPU, and Gates and Allen saw this as the
opportunity to start their own computer software company.[30] He had talked this decision over with his
parents, who were supportive of him after seeing how much Gates wanted to start
a company.[28]
Microsoft
BASIC
MITS Altair 8800 Computer with 8-inch
(200 mm) floppy disk system
(200 mm) floppy disk system
After reading the January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics that demonstrated the Altair 8800, Gates contacted Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems(MITS), the creators of the new microcomputer,
to inform them that he and others were working on a BASIC interpreter for the platform.[31] In reality, Gates and Allen did not have an
Altair and had not written code for it; they merely wanted to gauge MITS's
interest. MITS president Ed Roberts agreed to meet them for a demo, and over the course of a few weeks
they developed an Altair emulator that ran on a minicomputer, and then the BASIC
interpreter. The demonstration, held at MITS's offices in Albuquerque, was a
success and resulted in a deal with MITS to distribute the interpreter as Altair BASIC. Paul Allen was hired into MITS,[32]and Gates
took a leave of absence from Harvard to work with Allen at MITS in Albuquerque
in November 1975. They named their partnership "Micro-Soft" and had
their first office located in Albuquerque.[32] Within a year, the hyphen was dropped, and on
November 26, 1976, the trade name "Microsoft" was registered with the
Office of the Secretary of the State of New Mexico.[32] Gates never returned to Harvard to complete his
studies.
to inform them that he and others were working on a BASIC interpreter for the platform.[31] In reality, Gates and Allen did not have an
Altair and had not written code for it; they merely wanted to gauge MITS's
interest. MITS president Ed Roberts agreed to meet them for a demo, and over the course of a few weeks
they developed an Altair emulator that ran on a minicomputer, and then the BASIC
interpreter. The demonstration, held at MITS's offices in Albuquerque, was a
success and resulted in a deal with MITS to distribute the interpreter as Altair BASIC. Paul Allen was hired into MITS,[32]and Gates
took a leave of absence from Harvard to work with Allen at MITS in Albuquerque
in November 1975. They named their partnership "Micro-Soft" and had
their first office located in Albuquerque.[32] Within a year, the hyphen was dropped, and on
November 26, 1976, the trade name "Microsoft" was registered with the
Office of the Secretary of the State of New Mexico.[32] Gates never returned to Harvard to complete his
studies.
Microsoft's BASIC was popular with computer
hobbyists, but Gates discovered that a pre-market copy had leaked into the
community and was being widely copied and distributed. In February 1976, Gates
wrote an Open Letter to Hobbyists in the MITS newsletter saying that MITS could
not continue to produce, distribute, and maintain high-quality software without
payment.[33] This letter was unpopular with many computer
hobbyists, but Gates persisted in his belief that software developers should be
able to demand payment. Microsoft became independent of MITS in late 1976, and
it continued to develop programming language software for various systems.[32] The company moved from Albuquerque to its new
home in Bellevue, Washington on January 1, 1979.[31]
hobbyists, but Gates discovered that a pre-market copy had leaked into the
community and was being widely copied and distributed. In February 1976, Gates
wrote an Open Letter to Hobbyists in the MITS newsletter saying that MITS could
not continue to produce, distribute, and maintain high-quality software without
payment.[33] This letter was unpopular with many computer
hobbyists, but Gates persisted in his belief that software developers should be
able to demand payment. Microsoft became independent of MITS in late 1976, and
it continued to develop programming language software for various systems.[32] The company moved from Albuquerque to its new
home in Bellevue, Washington on January 1, 1979.[31]
During Microsoft's early years, all employees
had broad responsibility for the company's business. Gates oversaw the business
details, but continued to write code as well. In the first five years, Gates
personally reviewed every line of code the company shipped, and often rewrote
parts of it as he saw fit.[34]
had broad responsibility for the company's business. Gates oversaw the business
details, but continued to write code as well. In the first five years, Gates
personally reviewed every line of code the company shipped, and often rewrote
parts of it as he saw fit.[34]
IBM partnership
In 1980, IBM approached Microsoft to write the BASIC
interpreter for its upcoming personal computer, the IBM PC. When IBM's representatives mentioned that they
needed an operating system, Gates referred them to Digital Research (DRI), makers of the widely used CP/M operating system.[35] IBM's discussions with Digital Research went
poorly, and they did not reach a licensing agreement. IBM representative Jack
Sams mentioned the licensing difficulties during a subsequent meeting with
Gates and told him to get an acceptable operating system. A few weeks later
Gates proposed using 86-DOS (QDOS), an operating system similar to CP/M that Tim Paterson of Seattle Computer Products (SCP) had made for hardware similar to the PC.
Microsoft made a deal with SCP to become the exclusive licensing agent, and
later the full owner, of 86-DOS. After adapting the operating system for the
PC, Microsoft delivered it to IBM as PC-DOS in exchange for a one-time fee of $50,000. Gates
did not offer to transfer the copyright on the operating system, because he believed
that other hardware vendors would clone IBM's system.[36] They did, and the sales of MS-DOS made Microsoft a major player in the industry.[37]
interpreter for its upcoming personal computer, the IBM PC. When IBM's representatives mentioned that they
needed an operating system, Gates referred them to Digital Research (DRI), makers of the widely used CP/M operating system.[35] IBM's discussions with Digital Research went
poorly, and they did not reach a licensing agreement. IBM representative Jack
Sams mentioned the licensing difficulties during a subsequent meeting with
Gates and told him to get an acceptable operating system. A few weeks later
Gates proposed using 86-DOS (QDOS), an operating system similar to CP/M that Tim Paterson of Seattle Computer Products (SCP) had made for hardware similar to the PC.
Microsoft made a deal with SCP to become the exclusive licensing agent, and
later the full owner, of 86-DOS. After adapting the operating system for the
PC, Microsoft delivered it to IBM as PC-DOS in exchange for a one-time fee of $50,000. Gates
did not offer to transfer the copyright on the operating system, because he believed
that other hardware vendors would clone IBM's system.[36] They did, and the sales of MS-DOS made Microsoft a major player in the industry.[37]
Gates oversaw Microsoft's company restructuring
on June 25, 1981, which re-incorporated the company in Washington state and
made Gates President of Microsoft and the Chairman of the Board.[31]
on June 25, 1981, which re-incorporated the company in Washington state and
made Gates President of Microsoft and the Chairman of the Board.[31]
Windows
Microsoft launched its first retail version of Microsoft Windows on November 20, 1985, and in August, the company
struck a deal with IBM to develop a separate operating system called OS/2. Although the two companies successfully
developed the first version of the new system, mounting creative differences
caused the partnership to deteriorate. It ended in 1991 when Gates led
Microsoft to develop a version of OS/2 independently from IBM.[38]
struck a deal with IBM to develop a separate operating system called OS/2. Although the two companies successfully
developed the first version of the new system, mounting creative differences
caused the partnership to deteriorate. It ended in 1991 when Gates led
Microsoft to develop a version of OS/2 independently from IBM.[38]
Management style
From Microsoft's founding in 1975 until 2006,
Gates had primary responsibility for the company's product strategy. He
aggressively broadened the company's range of products, and wherever Microsoft
achieved a dominant position he vigorously defended it. He gained a reputation
for being distant to others; as early as 1981 an industry executive complained
in public that "Gates is notorious for not being reachable by phone and for
not returning phone calls."[39]
Gates had primary responsibility for the company's product strategy. He
aggressively broadened the company's range of products, and wherever Microsoft
achieved a dominant position he vigorously defended it. He gained a reputation
for being distant to others; as early as 1981 an industry executive complained
in public that "Gates is notorious for not being reachable by phone and for
not returning phone calls."[39]
As an executive, Gates met regularly with
Microsoft's senior managers and program managers. Firsthand accounts of these
meetings describe him as verbally combative, berating managers for perceived
holes in their business strategies or proposals that placed the company's
long-term interests at risk.[40][41] He often interrupted presentations with such
comments as, "That's the stupidest thing I've ever heard!"[42] and, "Why don't you just give up your options and join the Peace Corps?"[43] The target of his outburst then had to defend
the proposal in detail until, hopefully, Gates was fully convinced.[42] When subordinates appeared to be
procrastinating, he was known to remark sarcastically, "I'll do it over
the weekend."[44][45][46]
Microsoft's senior managers and program managers. Firsthand accounts of these
meetings describe him as verbally combative, berating managers for perceived
holes in their business strategies or proposals that placed the company's
long-term interests at risk.[40][41] He often interrupted presentations with such
comments as, "That's the stupidest thing I've ever heard!"[42] and, "Why don't you just give up your options and join the Peace Corps?"[43] The target of his outburst then had to defend
the proposal in detail until, hopefully, Gates was fully convinced.[42] When subordinates appeared to be
procrastinating, he was known to remark sarcastically, "I'll do it over
the weekend."[44][45][46]
Gates' role at Microsoft for most of its history
was primarily a management and executive role. However, he was an active
software developer in the early years, particularly on the company'sprogramming language products. He has not officially been on a
development team since working on the TRS-80 Model 100,[47] but wrote code as late as 1989 that shipped in
the company's products.[45] On June 15, 2006, Gates announced that he would
transition out of his day-to-day role over the next two years to dedicate more
time to philanthropy. He divided his responsibilities between two successors,
placing Ray Ozzie in charge of day-to-day management and Craig Mundie in charge of long-term product strategy.[48]
was primarily a management and executive role. However, he was an active
software developer in the early years, particularly on the company'sprogramming language products. He has not officially been on a
development team since working on the TRS-80 Model 100,[47] but wrote code as late as 1989 that shipped in
the company's products.[45] On June 15, 2006, Gates announced that he would
transition out of his day-to-day role over the next two years to dedicate more
time to philanthropy. He divided his responsibilities between two successors,
placing Ray Ozzie in charge of day-to-day management and Craig Mundie in charge of long-term product strategy.[48]
Antitrust litigation
Further information: United States Microsoft antitrust case and European Union Microsoft competition case
Bill Gates giving his deposition at Microsoft on
August 27, 1998
August 27, 1998
Many decisions that led to antitrust litigation over Microsoft's business practices have had Gates'
approval. In the 1998 United States v. Microsoft case, Gates gave deposition testimony that
several journalists characterized as evasive. He argued with examiner David Boies over the contextual meaning of words like "compete",
"concerned" and "we".[49] BusinessWeek reported:
approval. In the 1998 United States v. Microsoft case, Gates gave deposition testimony that
several journalists characterized as evasive. He argued with examiner David Boies over the contextual meaning of words like "compete",
"concerned" and "we".[49] BusinessWeek reported:
Early rounds of his
deposition show him offering obfuscatory answers and saying 'I don't recall,'
so many times that even the presiding judge had to chuckle. Worse, many of the
technology chief's denials and pleas of ignorance were directly refuted by
prosecutors with snippets of e-mail that Gates both sent and received.[50]
deposition show him offering obfuscatory answers and saying 'I don't recall,'
so many times that even the presiding judge had to chuckle. Worse, many of the
technology chief's denials and pleas of ignorance were directly refuted by
prosecutors with snippets of e-mail that Gates both sent and received.[50]
Gates later said he had simply resisted attempts
by Boies to mischaracterize his words and actions. As to his demeanor during
the deposition, he said, "Did I fence with Boies? ... I plead guilty.
Whatever that penalty is should be levied against me: rudeness to Boies in the
first degree."[51] Despite Gates's denials, the judge ruled that
Microsoft had committed monopolization and tying, and blocking competition, both in violation of
the Sherman Antitrust Act.[51]
by Boies to mischaracterize his words and actions. As to his demeanor during
the deposition, he said, "Did I fence with Boies? ... I plead guilty.
Whatever that penalty is should be levied against me: rudeness to Boies in the
first degree."[51] Despite Gates's denials, the judge ruled that
Microsoft had committed monopolization and tying, and blocking competition, both in violation of
the Sherman Antitrust Act.[51]
Appearance in ads
Gates appeared in a series of ads to promote
Microsoft in 2008. The first commercial, co-starring Jerry Seinfeld, is a 90-second talk between strangers as
Seinfeld walks up on a discount shoe store (Shoe Circus) in a mall and notices
Gates buying shoes inside. The salesman is trying to sell Mr. Gates shoes that
are a size too big. As Gates is buying the shoes, he holds up his discount
card, which uses a slightly altered version of his own mugshot of his arrest in New Mexico in 1977 for a traffic violation.[52] As they are walking out of the mall, Seinfeld
asks Gates if he has melded his mind to other developers, after getting a yes,
he then asks if they are working on a way to make computers edible, again
getting a yes. Some say that this is an homage to Seinfeld's own show about
"nothing" (Seinfeld).[53] In a second commercial in the series, Gates and
Seinfeld are at the home of an average family trying to fit in with normal
people.
Microsoft in 2008. The first commercial, co-starring Jerry Seinfeld, is a 90-second talk between strangers as
Seinfeld walks up on a discount shoe store (Shoe Circus) in a mall and notices
Gates buying shoes inside. The salesman is trying to sell Mr. Gates shoes that
are a size too big. As Gates is buying the shoes, he holds up his discount
card, which uses a slightly altered version of his own mugshot of his arrest in New Mexico in 1977 for a traffic violation.[52] As they are walking out of the mall, Seinfeld
asks Gates if he has melded his mind to other developers, after getting a yes,
he then asks if they are working on a way to make computers edible, again
getting a yes. Some say that this is an homage to Seinfeld's own show about
"nothing" (Seinfeld).[53] In a second commercial in the series, Gates and
Seinfeld are at the home of an average family trying to fit in with normal
people.
Post-Microsoft
Since leaving Microsoft, Gates continues his
philanthropy and, among other projects, purchased the video rights to the Messenger Lectures series called The Character of Physical Law, given at Cornell University by Richard Feynman in 1964 and recorded by the BBC. The videos are
available online to the public at Microsoft's Project Tuva.[54][55]
philanthropy and, among other projects, purchased the video rights to the Messenger Lectures series called The Character of Physical Law, given at Cornell University by Richard Feynman in 1964 and recorded by the BBC. The videos are
available online to the public at Microsoft's Project Tuva.[54][55]
In April 2010, Gates was invited to visit and
speak at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he asked the students to take on the hard
problems of the world in their futures.[56][57]
speak at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he asked the students to take on the hard
problems of the world in their futures.[56][57]
Personal life
Gates married Melinda French on January 1, 1994.
They have two daughters, Jennifer Katharine (1996) and Phoebe Adele (2002), and
one son, Rory John (1999).
They have two daughters, Jennifer Katharine (1996) and Phoebe Adele (2002), and
one son, Rory John (1999).
The Gates's home is an earth-sheltered house in the side of a hill overlooking Lake Washington in Medina. According to King County public records, as of 2006 the total assessed value of the
property (land and house) is $125 million, and the annual property tax is
$991,000.
property (land and house) is $125 million, and the annual property tax is
$991,000.
His 66,000 sq ft (6,100 m2)
estate has a 60-foot (18 m) swimming pool with an underwater music system,
as well as a 2,500 sq ft (230 m2) gym and a
1,000 sq ft (93 m2) dining room.[58]
estate has a 60-foot (18 m) swimming pool with an underwater music system,
as well as a 2,500 sq ft (230 m2) gym and a
1,000 sq ft (93 m2) dining room.[58]
Also among Gates' private acquisitions is the Codex Leicester, a collection of writings by Leonardo da Vinci, which Gates bought for $30.8 million at
an auction in 1994.[59] Gates is also known as an avid reader, and the
ceiling of his large home library is engraved with a quotation from The Great Gatsby.[60]He also enjoys playing bridge, tennis, and golf.[61][62]
an auction in 1994.[59] Gates is also known as an avid reader, and the
ceiling of his large home library is engraved with a quotation from The Great Gatsby.[60]He also enjoys playing bridge, tennis, and golf.[61][62]
Gates was number one on the Forbes 400 list from 1993 through to 2007 and number one on Forbes list of The World's Richest People from 1995 to 2007 and 2009. In 1999, Gates's
wealth briefly surpassed $101 billion, causing the media to call him a
"centibillionaire".[63] Since 2000, the nominal value of his Microsoft
holdings has declined due to a fall in Microsoft's stock price after the dot-com bubble burst and the multi-billion dollar donations he
has made to his charitable foundations. In a May 2006 interview, Gates
commented that he wished that he were not the richest man in the world because
he disliked the attention it brought.[64] Gates has several investments outside Microsoft,
which in 2006 paid him a salary of $616,667 and $350,000 bonus totalling
$966,667.[65] He founded Corbis, a digital imaging company, in 1989. In 2004 he
became a director of Berkshire Hathaway, the investment company headed by long-time
friend Warren Buffett.[66] In March 2010 Bill Gates was bumped down to the
second wealthiest man behind Carlos Slim.
wealth briefly surpassed $101 billion, causing the media to call him a
"centibillionaire".[63] Since 2000, the nominal value of his Microsoft
holdings has declined due to a fall in Microsoft's stock price after the dot-com bubble burst and the multi-billion dollar donations he
has made to his charitable foundations. In a May 2006 interview, Gates
commented that he wished that he were not the richest man in the world because
he disliked the attention it brought.[64] Gates has several investments outside Microsoft,
which in 2006 paid him a salary of $616,667 and $350,000 bonus totalling
$966,667.[65] He founded Corbis, a digital imaging company, in 1989. In 2004 he
became a director of Berkshire Hathaway, the investment company headed by long-time
friend Warren Buffett.[66] In March 2010 Bill Gates was bumped down to the
second wealthiest man behind Carlos Slim.
Philanthropy
Gates (second from right) with Bono,Queen Rania of Jordan, Former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown, President Umaru
Yar'Adua of
Nigeria and other participants in a 'Call to Action on the Millennium
Development Goals' during the Annual Meeting 2008 of the World Economic Forumin Davos,
Switzerland
Yar'Adua of
Nigeria and other participants in a 'Call to Action on the Millennium
Development Goals' during the Annual Meeting 2008 of the World Economic Forumin Davos,
Switzerland
Gates began to appreciate the expectations
others had of him when public opinion mounted suggesting that he could give
more of his wealth to charity. Gates studied the work of Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, and in 1994 sold some of his Microsoft stock
to create the William H. Gates Foundation. In 2000, Gates and his wife combined
three family foundations into one to create the charitable Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which is the largest transparently operated
charitable foundation in the world.[67] The foundation allows benefactors access to
information regarding how its money is being spent, unlike other major
charitable organizations such as the Wellcome
Trust.[68][69] The generosity and extensive philanthropy of David Rockefeller has been credited as a major influence. Gates
and his father met with Rockefeller several times, and modeled their giving in
part on the Rockefeller family's philanthropic focus, namely those global
problems that are ignored by governments and other organizations.[70] As of 2007, Bill and Melinda Gates were the
second-most generous philanthropists in America, having given over
$28 billion to charity.[71] They plan to eventually give 95% of their wealth
to charity.[72]
others had of him when public opinion mounted suggesting that he could give
more of his wealth to charity. Gates studied the work of Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, and in 1994 sold some of his Microsoft stock
to create the William H. Gates Foundation. In 2000, Gates and his wife combined
three family foundations into one to create the charitable Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which is the largest transparently operated
charitable foundation in the world.[67] The foundation allows benefactors access to
information regarding how its money is being spent, unlike other major
charitable organizations such as the Wellcome
Trust.[68][69] The generosity and extensive philanthropy of David Rockefeller has been credited as a major influence. Gates
and his father met with Rockefeller several times, and modeled their giving in
part on the Rockefeller family's philanthropic focus, namely those global
problems that are ignored by governments and other organizations.[70] As of 2007, Bill and Melinda Gates were the
second-most generous philanthropists in America, having given over
$28 billion to charity.[71] They plan to eventually give 95% of their wealth
to charity.[72]
The foundation was at the same time criticized
because it invests assets that it has not yet distributed with the exclusive
goal of maximizing return on investment. As a result, its investments include companies
that have been charged with worsening poverty in the same developing countries
where the Foundation is attempting to relieve poverty. These include companies
that pollute heavily, and pharmaceutical companies that do not sell into the
developing world.[73] In response to press criticism, the foundation
announced in 2007 a review of its investments, to assess social responsibility.[74] It subsequently canceled the review and stood by
its policy of investing for maximum return, while using voting rights to
influence company practices.[75]
because it invests assets that it has not yet distributed with the exclusive
goal of maximizing return on investment. As a result, its investments include companies
that have been charged with worsening poverty in the same developing countries
where the Foundation is attempting to relieve poverty. These include companies
that pollute heavily, and pharmaceutical companies that do not sell into the
developing world.[73] In response to press criticism, the foundation
announced in 2007 a review of its investments, to assess social responsibility.[74] It subsequently canceled the review and stood by
its policy of investing for maximum return, while using voting rights to
influence company practices.[75]
Gates's wife urged people to learn a lesson from
the philanthropic efforts of the Salwen family, which had sold its home and
given away half of its value, as detailed in The Power of Half.[76] Gates and his wife invited Joan Salwen to
Seattle to speak about what the family had done, and on December 9, 2010,
Gates, investor Warren Buffett, and Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook's CEO) signed a promise they called
the "Gates-Buffet Giving Pledge", in which they promised to donate to
charity at least half of their wealth over the course of time.[77][78][79]
the philanthropic efforts of the Salwen family, which had sold its home and
given away half of its value, as detailed in The Power of Half.[76] Gates and his wife invited Joan Salwen to
Seattle to speak about what the family had done, and on December 9, 2010,
Gates, investor Warren Buffett, and Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook's CEO) signed a promise they called
the "Gates-Buffet Giving Pledge", in which they promised to donate to
charity at least half of their wealth over the course of time.[77][78][79]
Recognition
In 1987, Gates was officially declared a
billionaire in the pages of Forbes' 400 Richest People in America issue, just
days before his 32nd birthday. As the world's youngest self-made billionaire,
he was worth $1.25 billion, over $900 million more than he'd been
worth the year before, when he'd debuted on the list.[80]
billionaire in the pages of Forbes' 400 Richest People in America issue, just
days before his 32nd birthday. As the world's youngest self-made billionaire,
he was worth $1.25 billion, over $900 million more than he'd been
worth the year before, when he'd debuted on the list.[80]
Time magazine named Gates one of the 100 people
who most influenced the 20th century, as well as one of the 100 most
influential people of 2004, 2005, and 2006. Time also collectively named Gates, his wife Melinda
and U2's lead singer Bono as the 2005 Persons of the Year for their humanitarian efforts.[81] In 2006, he was voted eighth in the list of
"Heroes of our time".[82] Gates was listed in the Sunday Times power list in 1999, named CEO of the year by Chief Executive Officers magazine in 1994, ranked number one in the "Top 50
Cyber Elite" by Time in
1998, ranked number two in the Upside Elite 100 in 1999 and was included in The Guardian as one of the "Top 100 influential people
in media" in 2001.[83]
who most influenced the 20th century, as well as one of the 100 most
influential people of 2004, 2005, and 2006. Time also collectively named Gates, his wife Melinda
and U2's lead singer Bono as the 2005 Persons of the Year for their humanitarian efforts.[81] In 2006, he was voted eighth in the list of
"Heroes of our time".[82] Gates was listed in the Sunday Times power list in 1999, named CEO of the year by Chief Executive Officers magazine in 1994, ranked number one in the "Top 50
Cyber Elite" by Time in
1998, ranked number two in the Upside Elite 100 in 1999 and was included in The Guardian as one of the "Top 100 influential people
in media" in 2001.[83]
In 1994, he was honoured as the twentieth Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society. Gates has received honorary doctorates from Nyenrode Business Universiteit, Breukelen,
The Netherlands, in 2000;[84] the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, in 2002; invited in 2003 to
deliver the keynote address [85] of the Golden Jubilee of the Indian Institute of Technology,held in San Jose, California;[86] Waseda University,
Tokyo, Japan, in 2005; Tsinghua
University, Beijing, China, in April 2007;[87] Harvard University in June 2007;[88] the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, in January 2008,[89] and Cambridge University in June 2009.[90] He was also made an honorary trustee of Peking University in 2007.[91] Gates was also made an honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) by Queen Elizabeth II in 2005,[92] in addition to having entomologists name the Bill Gates flower fly, Eristalis gatesi, in his honor.[93]
The Netherlands, in 2000;[84] the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, in 2002; invited in 2003 to
deliver the keynote address [85] of the Golden Jubilee of the Indian Institute of Technology,held in San Jose, California;[86] Waseda University,
Tokyo, Japan, in 2005; Tsinghua
University, Beijing, China, in April 2007;[87] Harvard University in June 2007;[88] the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, in January 2008,[89] and Cambridge University in June 2009.[90] He was also made an honorary trustee of Peking University in 2007.[91] Gates was also made an honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) by Queen Elizabeth II in 2005,[92] in addition to having entomologists name the Bill Gates flower fly, Eristalis gatesi, in his honor.[93]
In November 2006, he and his wife were awarded the Order of the Aztec Eagle for their philanthropic work around the world in
the areas of health and education, particularly in Mexico, and specifically in the
program "Un país de lectores".[94] In October 2009, it was announced that Gates
will be awarded the 2010 Bower Award for Business Leadership of The Franklin Institute for his achievements in business and for his
philanthropic work. In 2010 he was honored with the Silver Buffalo Award by the Boy Scouts of America, its highest award for adults, for his service
to youth.[95]
the areas of health and education, particularly in Mexico, and specifically in the
program "Un país de lectores".[94] In October 2009, it was announced that Gates
will be awarded the 2010 Bower Award for Business Leadership of The Franklin Institute for his achievements in business and for his
philanthropic work. In 2010 he was honored with the Silver Buffalo Award by the Boy Scouts of America, its highest award for adults, for his service
to youth.[95]
In 2011, Bill Gates was ranked as the fifth most
powerful person in the world, according to rankings by Forbes magazine. [96]
powerful person in the world, according to rankings by Forbes magazine. [96]
Investments
§
Cascade Investments LLC, a private investment and holding company,
incorporated in United States, is controlled by Bill Gates, and is
headquartered in the city of Kirkland, Washington.
Cascade Investments LLC, a private investment and holding company,
incorporated in United States, is controlled by Bill Gates, and is
headquartered in the city of Kirkland, Washington.
Bibliography
Gates has authored two books:
Filmography
Gates has appeared in at least one film:
Gates was prominently featured in a film about
the history of the personal computing industry:
the history of the personal computing industry:
§
Pirates of Silicon Valley – a 1999 TNT film which chronicles the rise of Apple and Microsoft from the early 1970s to 1997. He was portrayed
by Anthony Michael Hall.
Pirates of Silicon Valley – a 1999 TNT film which chronicles the rise of Apple and Microsoft from the early 1970s to 1997. He was portrayed
by Anthony Michael Hall.
See also
§
List of billionaires (also see List of college dropout billionaires and List of wealthiest
non-inflated historical figures)
List of billionaires (also see List of college dropout billionaires and List of wealthiest
non-inflated historical figures)
§
Gary Kildall (October 25,
2004). "The Man Who
Could Have Been Bill Gates". Bloomberg
BusinessWeek. Retrieved June 9, 2010.
Gary Kildall (October 25,
2004). "The Man Who
Could Have Been Bill Gates". Bloomberg
BusinessWeek. Retrieved June 9, 2010.
Books
§
Fridson, Martin (2001). How to be a
Billionaire: Proven Strategies from the Titans of Wealth. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0471416177.
Fridson, Martin (2001). How to be a
Billionaire: Proven Strategies from the Titans of Wealth. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0471416177.
§
Lesinski, Jeanne M. (2006). Bill Gates
(Biography (a & E)). A&E Television Networks. ISBN 0822570270.
Lesinski, Jeanne M. (2006). Bill Gates
(Biography (a & E)). A&E Television Networks. ISBN 0822570270.
§
Manes, Stephen (1994). Gates: How
Microsoft's Mogul Reinvented an Industry and Made Himself The Richest Man in
America. Touchstone Pictures. ISBN 0671880748.
Manes, Stephen (1994). Gates: How
Microsoft's Mogul Reinvented an Industry and Made Himself The Richest Man in
America. Touchstone Pictures. ISBN 0671880748.
§
Wallace, James (1993). Hard Drive: Bill
Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire. New York: HarperCollins
Publishers. ISBN 0471568864.
Wallace, James (1993). Hard Drive: Bill
Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire. New York: HarperCollins
Publishers. ISBN 0471568864.
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Further reading
§
"The Meaning of
Bill Gates: As his reign at Microsoft comes to an end, so does the era he
dominated", The Economist, June 28, 2008.
"The Meaning of
Bill Gates: As his reign at Microsoft comes to an end, so does the era he
dominated", The Economist, June 28, 2008.
§
Rivlin, Gary (1999). The plot to get
Bill Gates: an irreverent investigation of the world's richest man...and the
people who hate him. New York: Times Business. ISBN 0-8129-3006-1.
Rivlin, Gary (1999). The plot to get
Bill Gates: an irreverent investigation of the world's richest man...and the
people who hate him. New York: Times Business. ISBN 0-8129-3006-1.
§
Bank, David (2001). Breaking Windows:
how Bill Gates fumbled the future of Microsoft. New York: Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-0315-1.
Bank, David (2001). Breaking Windows:
how Bill Gates fumbled the future of Microsoft. New York: Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-0315-1.
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